Prevent overfitting in decision trees
Pre-pruning
or forward pruning - stop during tree creation if information gain is not sufficient - some prefixed tree depth Horizon effect
post-pruning
- 
prune after the tree is created
 - 
use validation set to evaluate predication accuracy, if pruned copy of the tree does not perform worse than original tree, keep the pruned copy
 - 
Top down
- start at root, drop entire subtrees, might drop relevant sub trees
 - Pessimistic Error Pruning (PEP)
 
 - 
Bottom up
- start at last nodes, does not drop relevant sub trees
 - Reduced Error Pruning (REP), Minimum Cost Complexity Pruning (MCCP), or Minimum Error Pruning (MEP)